Deaths due to COVID-19, influenza and RSV in Australia - 2023 - March 2025

The ABS have reported extensively on deaths involving COVID-19 during the pandemic. The ABS mortality data is sourced from the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages and is separate from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. While the registration-based deaths data takes longer to receive and process this dataset has provided important supplementary information to the surveillance system data. 

As the pandemic has progressed, there has been a re-emergence of other acute respiratory diseases. To reflect this, the ABS now reports on the number of monthly deaths due to COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In this article, these viral diseases will be referred to collectively as deaths due to acute respiratory infections. Due to the higher number of deaths due to COVID-19 more detailed analysis will be included for this cause. 

All data presented in this article is provisional. It is expected that numbers of deaths due to these causes will increase for more recent time periods as more death registrations are received by the ABS. 

The table below shows the number of acute respiratory associated deaths reported on a medical certificate of cause of death by month and year. An acute respiratory associated death is one where the viral disease has either directly caused the death (the virus has caused terminal complications such as pneumonia) or the person has died with the virus (a person has died from another cause but the viral illness still contributed significantly to death). 

• COVID-19 has been the leading cause of acute respiratory infection related mortality across 2023-2025.
• Since the end of 2021 COVID-19 has recorded a pattern where there are two peaks of mortality during the year - one occurring between November and January and the other occurring between May and August. While there was still an increase in deaths occurring between November 2024 and January 2025 when compared with October 2024, the number of deaths occurring during this period was much lower than other years.
• The 4,981 deaths involving COVID-19 in 2024 were 19.5% lower than the 6,187 deaths recorded in 2023.
• Deaths involving influenza remained low in November and December 2024 but have increased in January and February 2025. January and February of 2024 and 2025 have recorded higher numbers of deaths involving influenza than most recent years, at a comparable level to 2019.
• Influenza-related mortality in 2024 was 65.7% higher than those recorded in 2023 (1,006 deaths compared to 607). This is lower than the number of deaths occurring in pre-pandemic years that were considered to be years of high influenza related mortality, including 2017 (1,656 deaths) and 2019 (1,314 deaths).
• Deaths involving RSV have been at comparable levels to those recorded in 2023 since July.

The ABS codes an underlying cause of death (UCOD) for all deaths in the national mortality dataset. The underlying cause of death is defined as the disease, condition or external event that started the chain of events leading to death. International coding rules are applied to disease and conditions appearing on the medical certificate of cause of death (MCCD) to assign the UCOD. A disease or condition must be certified on the MCCD to be coded by the ABS. If COVID-19, influenza or RSV is listed as the underlying cause of death, the death is considered to have been caused by the virus. 

The following table shows the number of deaths due to acute respiratory diseases since 2023. 

• In 2024, the 3,867 deaths from COVID-19 were 16.1% lower than the 4,609 deaths recorded in 2023.
• Similar to COVID-19 related deaths, the number of deaths due to the virus have decreased over the November to January period in 2024-2025 when compared to the same period in earlier years.
• Deaths due to influenza and RSV were low in November and December 2024. In 2024, influenza deaths were 68.1% higher than in 2023, and RSV deaths were 33.7% higher.  Deaths due to influenza in January and February 2025 were at comparable levels to the previous year, which is high relative to other recent years.

The table below shows the number of acute-respiratory associated deaths where the person has died "with" the virus (a person has died from another cause but the viral illness still contributed significantly to death).

• COVID-19 and Influenza are more likely to be assigned as the underlying causes of death rather than a contributing factor (i.e. a person died with the virus). The opposite is true for RSV - it is more likely to be listed as a significant contributor to death. To wholly monitor the effects of RSV on mortality, deaths with RSV should be taken into consideration.
• In 2024 there were 57.9% more deaths with influenza mentioned as a contributory cause than in 2023, and 20.0% more deaths where RSV was certified as a contributory cause.
• There were 29.4% fewer deaths with COVID-19 mentioned as a contributory cause in 2024 than in 2023. Since November 2024 the number of deaths "with" COVID-19 have been lower than numbers in the same months of the previous year. 

• More males have died from COVID-19 compared to females across 2023-2025. The reverse has been true for influenza and RSV.
• Those aged over 90 years are the only age group to consistently record more deaths of females than males from COVID-19. Nearly two thirds of Australia's population of persons aged over 90 years are female.
• All three of these acute respiratory infections are more likely to cause death in older age groups than younger age groups.
• Deaths from RSV have not been included in this table for 2025 due to small numbers.

• As the most populous state, New South Wales generally records the highest numbers of deaths for acute respiratory infections.
• Queensland has recorded the highest number of deaths due to RSV in 2024.
• COVID-19 has caused more deaths than influenza and RSV across 2023-2025 in all jurisdictions.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are at heightened risk of more severe outcomes from acute respiratory diseases. There are several reasons for this, including higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage, higher rates of chronic diseases and limited access to culturally safe health care.

This section presents three tables which includes information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who have died from acute respiratory diseases. The first two tables focus on COVID-19 mortality only due to the higher numbers of deaths from the virus. The third table presents numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates on deaths associated with COVID-19, influenza and RSV. For most of the analysis deaths include those where the acute respiratory disease was listed on the medical certificate of cause of death. This includes deaths where the acute respiratory disease caused death and those where the acute respiratory disease contributed to death. Data is presented in this way largely due to the small numbers of deaths from these diseases in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.  

There have been deaths recorded in all jurisdictions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. However, the rest of this analysis focusses on deaths registered in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory only. Currently, these five states and territories have evidence of a sufficient level of Indigenous identification and high enough numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths to support mortality analysis.

There were 77 deaths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people involving COVID-19 in 2024. This is lower than in both 2023 (120 deaths) and 2022 (264 deaths).

There were 468 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had COVID-19 certified as a cause of death across the five jurisdictions in 2022-2025. Of these people:

• 301 died due to COVID-19. This is where the virus caused complications that led directly to death. A further 167 people died with COVID-19. This is where another disease caused the terminal complication causing death but COVID-19 was a contributing factor.
• The age-standardised death rates for deaths from COVID-19 and deaths with COVID-19 are higher for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males than females. This is also true for non-Indigenous people.
• Of those who died from or with COVID-19, a higher proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people died with COVID-19 as a contributing factor compared with non-Indigenous people (35.7% compared with 25.6%).
• The mortality rate from COVID-19 is 1.5 times higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people compared to non-Indigenous people.
• For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females, the rate of mortality with COVID-19 is 2.3 times higher than that of non-Indigenous females.

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who died by an acute respiratory disease: 

• COVID-19 caused more deaths than both influenza and RSV across each year in 2022-2024.
• The mortality rate for COVID-19 and influenza related mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was higher than non-Indigenous people across each year in 2022-2024.
• The mortality rate for influenza related mortality is higher in both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous people in 2024 compared to 2022 and 2023.